
The current members of the IIHF. (Red indicates full members, blue indicates associate members, green indicates affiliate members and black indicates suspended members).
The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) is the worldwide governing body for ice hockey and in-line hockey. It is based in Zurich, Switzerland, and maintains the international ice hockey rulebook, processes international player transfers, dictates officiating guidelines and is responsible for the management of international ice hockey tournaments. The IIHF was created on May 15, 1908, under the name (in French) Ligue Internationale de Hockey sur Glace (LHG).[1] Belgium, France, Great Britain, Switzerland and Bohemia (now the Czech Republic) were the founding members. The IIHF was composed entirely of European teams until 1920, when Canada and the United States joined.
Under the IIHF, there are three levels for member organizations. The highest level, and the only one in which members can vote at IIHF Congresses, is IIHF Full Member. These nations have their own independent hockey association, and regularly participate in the various IIHF-sanctioned World Championships. IIHF Associate Members is the second level. These nations either do not have their own independent hockey association, or have one, but have limited participation in the World Championships. The third category, IIHF Affiliate Member, is for nations that only participate in the IIHF InLine Hockey World Championship.[2]
As of 2016, there are 77 members: 54 full members, 21 associate members and 2 affiliate members. Indonesia, Nepal, and the Philippines are the newest members, all of whom joined on May 19, 2016. In 2015, 47 members participated in the Men's World Championships and 36 participated in the Women's World Championships.
Members[]
IIHF World Ranking information is accurate as of the 2014 Winter Olympics. | |
In the Teams column | |
Text in boldface indicates that that team participated in its corresponding event in 2012. | |
M | Men's Ice Hockey World Championships |
---|---|
M-U20 | World Under-20 Championships |
M-U18 | World Under-18 Championships |
W | World Women Championships |
W-U18 | World Women's Under-18 Championships |
inline | InLine Hockey World Championship |
IIHF Full Members[]
Nation | Date joined | Organization | President | Teams | Men's Ranking |
Women's Ranking |
Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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{{{1}}} | Ice Hockey Australia | Don Rurak | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 34 | 27 | [3] |
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{{{1}}} | Austrian Ice Hockey Association | Dieter Kalt | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 16 | 13 | [4] |
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{{{1}}} | Ice Hockey Federation of the Republic of Azerbaijan | Vagif D. Mussayev | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | — | — | [5] |
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{{{1}}} | Belarus Ice Hockey Federation | Evgeny Vorsin | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 15 | — | [6] |
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{{{1}}} | Royal Belgian Ice Hockey Federation | Pascal Nuchelmans | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 36 | 31 | [7] |
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{{{1}}} | Bosnia and Herzegovina Ice Hockey Federation | Haris Muhic | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | — | — | [8] |
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{{{1}}} | Bulgarian Ice Hockey Federation | Krasimir Krastev | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 39 | 34 | [9] |
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{{{1}}} | Hockey Canada | Bob Nicholson | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 1 | 1 | [10] |
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{{{1}}} | Chinese Ice Hockey Association | Wang Yitao | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 38 | 14 | [11] |
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{{{1}}} | Chinese Taipei Ice Hockey Federation | Pai Wen-Jun | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | — | — | [12] |
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{{{1}}} | Croatian Ice Hockey Federation | Nikola Švigir | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 30 | 25 | [13] |
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{{{1}}}[B] | Czech Ice Hockey Association | Tomáš Král | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 5 | 8 | [14] |
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{{{1}}} | Danmarks Ishockey Union | Henrik Bach Nielsen | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 13 | 12 | [15] |
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{{{1}}}[D] | Estonian Ice Hockey Association | Priit Vilba | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 28 | — | [16] |
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{{{1}}} | Finnish Ice Hockey Association | Kalervo Kummola | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 2 | 4 | [17] |
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{{{1}}} | French Ice Hockey Federation | Luc Tardif | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 12 | 16 | [18] |
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{{{1}}} | Georgian Ice Hockey Federation | Nugzar Paikidze | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 48 | — | [19] |
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{{{1}}} | German Ice Hockey Federation | Uwe Harnos | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 11 | 7 | [20] |
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{{{1}}} | Ice Hockey UK | Eamon Convery | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 20 | 19 | [21] |
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{{{1}}} | Hong Kong Ice Hockey Association | Siu Yin Yip | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | — | — | [22] |
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{{{1}}} | Hungarian Ice Hockey Federation | Ferenc Studniczky | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 19 | 21 | [23] |
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{{{1}}} | Ice Hockey Iceland | Vidar Gardarsson | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 35 | 30 | [24] |
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{{{1}}} | Ice Hockey Association of India | K. L. Kumar | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | — | — | [24] |
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{{{1}}} | Irish Ice Hockey Association | William Fay | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 42 | 35 | [25] |
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{{{1}}} | Ice Hockey Federation of Israel | Sergei Matin | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 33 | — | [26] |
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{{{1}}} | Federation of Italian Ice Sports | Giancarlo Bolognini | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 18 | 20 | [27] |
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{{{1}}} | Japan Ice Hockey Federation | Kenichi Chizuka | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 22 | 9 | [28] |
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{{{1}}} | Kazakhstan Ice Hockey Federation | Askar Mamin | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 17 | 15 | [29] |
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{{{1}}} | Ice Hockey Association of the DPR Korea | Pak Song-Nam | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 45 | 29 | [30] |
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{{{1}}} | Korea Ice Hockey Association | Park Kap-Chul | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 23 | 24 | [31] |
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{{{1}}}[D] | Latvian Ice Hockey Federation | Kirovs Lipmans | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 10 | 17 | [32] |
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{{{1}}}[D] | Lithuanian Ice Hockey Federation | Petras Nauseda | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 26 | — | [33] |
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{{{1}}} | Luxembourg Ice Hockey Federation | Rene Ludovicy | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 43 | — | [34] |
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{{{1}}} | Mexico Ice Hockey Federation | Joaquin de la Garma | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 32 | — | [35] |
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{{{1}}} | Mongolian Ice Hockey Federation | Sumiya Ganjargal | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 46 | — | [36] |
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{{{1}}} | Ice Hockey Association of The Netherlands | Joop Vullers | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 24 | 18 | [37] |
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{{{1}}} | New Zealand Ice Hockey Federation | Grant Hay | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 37 | 28 | [38] |
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{{{1}}} | Norwegian Ice Hockey Association | Ole-Jacob Libæk | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 9 | 11 | [39] |
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{{{1}}} | Polish Ice Hockey Federation | Zdzislaw Ingielewicz | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 25 | 23 | [40] |
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{{{1}}} | Qatar Ice Hockey Federation | Khalil Al-Jabir | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | — | — | [41] |
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{{{1}}} | Romanian Ice Hockey Federation | Barna Tanczos | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 27 | 36 | [42] |
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{{{1}}}[F] | Ice Hockey Federation of Russia | Vladislav Tretiak | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 4 | 5 | [43] |
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{{{1}}}[G] | Serbian Ice Hockey Association | Nastas Andric | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 31 | — | [44] |
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{{{1}}} | Slovak Ice Hockey Federation | Juraj Siroky | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 8 | 10 | [45] |
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{{{1}}} | Ice Hockey Federation of Slovenia | Matjaž Rakovec | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 14 | 22 | [46] |
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{{{1}}} | South African Ice Hockey Association | Jerry Stevens | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 41 | 32 | [47] |
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{{{1}}} | Spanish Ice Sports Federation | Maria Teresa Samaranch | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 29 | 26 | [48] |
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{{{1}}} | Swedish Ice Hockey Association | Christer Englund | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 1 | 6 | [49] |
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{{{1}}} | Swiss Ice Hockey Association | Philippe Gaydoul | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 7 | 3 | [50] |
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{{{1}}} | Ice Hockey Association of Thailand | Phisan Xupravatti | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | — | — | [51] |
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{{{1}}} | Turkish Ice Hockey Federation | Akin Kilavuz | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 40 | 33 | [52] |
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{{{1}}} | Ice Hockey Federation of Ukraine | Anatoliy Brezvin | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 21 | — | [53] |
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{{{1}}} | USA Hockey | Ron DeGregorio | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 6 | 2 | [54] |
^ A. Austria was expelled from the IIHF in 1920, then re-admitted on January 24, 1924. It was again expelled in 1939 and re-admitted on April 27, 1946.[55]
^ B. The IIHF recognizes Bohemia, which joined in 1908, and Czechoslovakia as the predecessors to the Czech Republic, which officially became a member in 1993.[14]
^ C. Germany was expelled in 1920, then re-admitted on January 11, 1926. It was again expelled on April 27, 1946. West Germany and East Germany were admitted into the IIHF in 1951 and 1954, respectively. Following their reunification, Germany was re-admitted into the IIHF on October 3, 1990.[56]
^ D. In 1940, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were annexed by the Soviet Union. Their membership expired on April 27, 1946. The three nations were re-admitted into the IIHF on May 6, 1992.[57][58][59]
^ E. Japan was expelled from the IIHF on April 27, 1946, then re-admitted on March 10, 1951.[60]
^ F. The IIHF recognizes the Soviet Union, which joined in 1952, as the predecessor to Russia, which officially became a member in 1992.[43]
^ G. The IIHF recognizes Yugoslavia, which joined in 1939, as the predecessor to Serbia, which officially became a member on September 28, 2006.[44]
IIHF Associate Members[]
Nation | Date joined | Organization | President | Teams | Men's Ranking |
Women's Ranking |
Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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{{{1}}} | Andorran Federation of Ice Sports | Imma Ribes Sagues | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | — | — | [61] |
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{{{1}}} | Ice Hockey Federation of Armenia | Samvel Zakharyan | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | — | — | [62] |
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{{{1}}} | Argentine Association of Ice and In-Line Hockey | Hector Iannicelli | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | — | — | [63] |
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{{{1}}} | Brazilian Ice Sports Federation | Eric L. Walther Maleson | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | — | — | [64] |
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{{{1}}} | Hellenic Ice Sports Federation | Christos Chatziathanassiou | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 44 | — | [65] |
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{{{1}}} | Federasi Hoki Es Indonesia | Joko Widodo | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | — | — | [66] |
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{{{1}}} | Jamaican Olympic Ice Hockey Federation | Edmond L. Phillipps Jr. | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | — | — | [67] |
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{{{1}}} | Kuwait Ice Hockey Association | Fahad Hamad Al Ajmi | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | — | — | [68] |
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{{{1}}} | Ice Hockey Federation of the Kyrgyz Republic | Anvar Omorkanov | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | — | — | [69] |
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{{{1}}} | Liechtenstein Ice Hockey Federation | Michael Zanghellini | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | — | — | [70] |
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{{{1}}} | Macau Ice Sports Federation | Andrew Chan Chak Mo | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | — | — | [71] |
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{{{1}}} | Macedonian Ice Hockey Federation | Nikola Tasev | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | — | — | [72] |
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{{{1}}} | Malaysia Ice Hockey Federation | Dato Lee Hwa Beng | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | — | — | [73] |
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{{{1}}} | National Ice Hockey Federation of Moldova | Andrei Gargalic | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | — | — | [74] |
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{{{1}}} | Moroccan Ice Hockey Association | Mrini Khalid | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | — | — | [75] |
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{{{1}}} | Nepal Ice Hockey Association | Lok Bahadur Shahi | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | — | — | [76] |
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{{{1}}} | Oman Ice Sports Committee | Anad Al-Balushi | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | — | — | [77] |
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{{{1}}} | Federation of Hockey League in the Philippines | Christopher G. Sy | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | — | — | [78] |
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{{{1}}} | Federation of Portuguese Ice Sports | José Pinheiro de Almeida | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | — | — | [79] |
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{{{1}}} | Singapore Ice Hockey Association | James Kodrowski | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | — | — | [80] |
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{{{1}}} | National Center of Turkmenistan for Winter Sports | Sergei Vakhitov | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | — | [81] | |
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{{{1}}} | UAE Ice Hockey Association | Ahmed Mubarak Al Mazrouei | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | 47 | — | [82] |
IIHF Affiliate Members[]
Nation | Date joined | Organization | President | Teams | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
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{{{1}}} | National Association of Hockey on Ice and Inline | Nicolas Gomez Bermeosolo | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | [83] |
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{{{1}}} | Namibia Ice and InLine Hockey Association | Holger Mentzel | M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline | [84] |
Former IIHF Members[]
Nation | Date joined IIHF | Date left IIHF | Reason |
---|---|---|---|
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{{{1}}}[85] | 1920[86] | Membership rights transferred to the newly established Czechoslovakia |
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1920[86] | {{{1}}}[87] | Membership rights transferred to the Czech Republic |
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{{{1}}}[56] | {{{1}}}[56] | Reunification of East and West Germany |
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{{{1}}}[56] | {{{1}}}[56] | Reunification of East and West Germany, membership transferred to Germany |
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{{{1}}}[43] | {{{1}}}[88] | Membership rights transferred to Russia |
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{{{1}}}[44] | {{{1}}}[87] | Membership rights transferred to Serbia after split of Yugoslavia |
Notes[]
- ↑ "It all started in Paris, 1908". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/history/the-iihf.html. Retrieved 1 March 2009.
- ↑ "Members". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/members.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Australia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/australia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Austria". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/austria.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Azerbaijan". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/azerbaijan.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Belarus". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/belarus.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Belgium". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/belgium.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Bosnia & Herzegovina". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/bosnia-herzegovina.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Bulgaria". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/bulgaria.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Canada". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/canada.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "China". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/china.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Chinese Taipei". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/chinese-taipei.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Croatia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/croatia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Czech Republic". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/czech-republic.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Denmark". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/denmark.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Estonia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/estonia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Finland". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/finland.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "France". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/france.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Georgia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/georgia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Germany". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/germany.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Great Britain". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/great-britain.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Hong Kong". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/hong-kong.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Hungary". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/hungary.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 "Iceland". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/iceland.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Ireland". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/ireland.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Israel". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/israel.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Italy". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/italy.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Japan". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/japan.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Kazakhstan". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/kazakhstan.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "DPR Korea". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/dpr-korea.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Korea". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/korea.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Latvia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/latvia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Lithuania". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/lithuania.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Luxembourg". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/luxembourg.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Mexico". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/mexico.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Mongolia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/mongolia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Netherlands". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/netherlands.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "New Zealand". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/new-zealand.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Norway". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/norway.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Poland". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/poland.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "IIHF grows in Asia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihfworlds2016.com/en/news/iihf-grows-in-asia/. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
- ↑ "Romania". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/romania.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 "Russia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/russia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 "Serbia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/serbia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Slovakia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/slovakia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Slovenia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/slovenia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "South Africa". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/south-africa.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Spain". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/spain.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Sweden". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/sweden.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Switzerland". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/switzerland.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Thailand". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/thailand.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Turkey". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/turkey.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Ukraine". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/ukraine.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "United States". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/united-states.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ Podnieks 2010, pp. 53–54
- ↑ 56.0 56.1 56.2 56.3 56.4 Podnieks 2010, pp. 67–69
- ↑ Podnieks 2010, p. 70
- ↑ Podnieks 2010, p. 89
- ↑ Podnieks 2010, p. 94
- ↑ Podnieks 2010, pp. 92–93
- ↑ "Andorra". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/andorra.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Armenia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/armenia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Argentina". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/argentina.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Brazil". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/brazil.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Greece". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/greece.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Indonesia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/indonesia/. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
- ↑ "Jamaica". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/jamaica.html. Retrieved May 21, 2012.
- ↑ "Kuwait". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/kuwait.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Kyrgyzstan". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/kyrgyzstan.html. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
- ↑ "Liechtenstein". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/liechtenstein.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Macau". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/macau.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Macedonia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/macedonia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Malaysia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/malaysia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "IIHF Congress begins in Montreal". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/home-of-hockey/news/news-singleview/article/iihf-congress-begins-in-montreal.html. Retrieved May 21, 2008.
- ↑ "Morocco". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/morocco.html. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
- ↑ "Nepal". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/nepal/. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
- ↑ "Oman". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/Oman.html. Retrieved May 24, 2014.
- ↑ "Philippines". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/philippines/. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
- ↑ "Portugal". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/portugal.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Singapore". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/singapore.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Turkmenistan". International Ice Hockey Federation. May 15, 2015. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/turkmenistan/. Retrieved May 15, 2015.
- ↑ "United Arab Emirates". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/united-arab-emirates.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Chile". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/chile.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "Namibia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/namibia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ "1908-1913". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/history/the-iihf/epochs/1908-1913.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ 86.0 86.1 "1914-1933". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/history/the-iihf/epochs/1914-1933.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ 87.0 87.1 "1990-today". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/history/the-iihf/epochs/1990-today.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #42: Breakup of old Europe creates a new hockey world". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100-year-anniversary/100-top-stories/story-42.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
References[]
- (2010) IIHF Media Guide & Record Book 2011, Nordmark, Birger (contributing editor), Toronto: Moydart Press. ISBN 978-0-9867964-0-1.
External links[]
- Official website of the International Ice Hockey Federation
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